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For smooth looking meshes, we define a normal per-vertex.

- Vertices are seen as samples on a smooth underlying surface

- Normals are used for illumination
- ambiant, diffuse, specular components

- Phong shading interpolates normals on each fragments of triangles, and compute illumination.

Possible automatic computation of normals: averaged normals of surrounding triangle.

\(\displaystyle n_k = \frac{\sum_{j\in{\mathcal{V}_k}} \hat{n}_j}{\|\sum_{j\in{\mathcal{V}_k}} \hat{n}_j\|}\), \(\mathcal{V}_k\): neighboring triangles.

\(\color{blue}{n_k}\)

\(\color{red}{\hat{n}_j}\)

Per-vertex normal and illumination